Duges A 1832 (citation)-
Graff L v 1905 (citation)- p 72, lists under section Hysterophora, 5 genera:
Catenula Ant. Duges
Stenostomum O Schmidt
Rhynchoscolex Leidy
Microstomum O Schmidt
Alaurina W Busch
p 74 oldest genus is Catenula- general discussion- 2 species described:
Microstomum groenlandicum Levinsen
Microstomum mundum new species
Luther A 1907 (citation)- places in Hysterophora, discusses in some detail position of this and related
Microstomidae. Definition:
"Hysterophora with simple pharynx, without a prepharyngeal blind sac to the gut, with one
medial dorsal main canal in the excretory system. Testes dorsal (or ventral ?) not paired; penis,
when present of a veery rudimentary structure without chitinous parts; the male genital opening
lying dorsal (or ventral anterior to the ovary {perhaps the female genitalpore (Keller)}. In addition
to sexual reproduction also asexual (in Lophorhynchus not known)."
1. Genus Catenula A Duges
2. Genus Lophorhynchus Hallstrom and Luther new genus- but addendum says name is preoccupied
and so it is changed to Glyphorhynchus.
3. Stenostomum O Schmidt
4. Rhynchoscolex Leidy
Graff L v 1909 (citation)- old definition and keys.
Wilhelmi J 1913 (citation)- p 11, lists under Hysterophora. Lists genera:
Catenula Ant. Duges
Fuhrmannia Graff
Stenostomum O Schmidt
Rhynchoscolex Leidy
Higley R 1918 (citation)- discussion of family, literature review.
Reisinger E 1924 (citation)- lists p 24.
Bresslau E 1933 (citation)- "Notandropora with 4 pairs of longitudinal nerves running back from the brain,
mostly of equal size. Testes follicular with a tendency to retrograde. Ovary unpaired, without an
oviduct, female genital pore and male accessory organs not present. Besides the sexual reproduction
(many are parthenogenetic) also asexual reproduction. Only in fresh water. Genera:
Rhynchoscolex Leidy 1851, Catenula Ant. Duges 1832, Stenostomum O Schmidt, Fuhrmannia Graff 1908.
An der Lan H 1939 (citation)- p 198 lists.
Marcus E 1945 (citation)- diagnosis:
"Cerebrum large, approximately oval, with or without a constriction and without a distinct subdivision
into anterior and posterior lobes. The cerebrum is situated at the base or at least in that
neighborhood in the preoral zone. This region is separated from the rest of the body by a ciliated
groove, ventrally and ventro-laterally. Excretory ducts are not seen at the sides of the intestine."
3 Genera: Catenula
Dasyhormus
Suomina
Marcus E 1945 (citation)- references to on p 18, 28, 29, 35, 44, 54, 82, 90, 91.
Marcus E 1951 (citation)- mentions p 111.
Hyman LH 1951 (citation)- vol 2, p 179 notes asexual reproduction in; p 190 notes this a typically fresh
water group, no evident salt water relatives or forebears.
Nuttycombe JW 1956 (citation)- p 420, diagnosis given as "Notandropora (Catenulida) in which there are
usually 4 to 8 nerve stems running posteriorly from the cephalic ganglion or ganglia. The male
gondads are follicular. the female reproductive structures consist only of an ovary; there is
neither an oviduct nor a feamle genital pore. Except in Rhynchoscolex, sexual reproduction is
periodic, and the usual method of propagation is asexual."
Steinbock O 1966 (citation)- mentions p 81.
Soltynska MS, Mroczka B, Moraczewski J 1976 (citation)- on electron microscopy of epidermis.
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