Duges A 1832 (citation)- description of Catenula lemnae p 198-204, p 204 Genus Catenula new genus definition, Three species: C. lemnae, C. linnaei, C. gesserensis Leidy J 1850 (citation)- defines new genus and species, Anortha gracilis. Diesing KM 1862 (citation)- p 237 definition. Graff L v 1882 (citation)- lists as Stenostomum gracilis- says it was Anortha gracilis. Sekera E 1889 (citation)- definition of genus Catenula, p 344. Luther A 1907 (citation)- "Catenulida with a circular groove which is preoral and with cilia longer than on the rest of the body, without ciliated pits, with statocysts, without eyes" [Bush translation] Graff L v 1909 (citation)- old definition and keys to species for Germany. Definition p 65. Graff L v 1911 (citation)- Genus Anortha = Catenula. Wilhelmi J 1913 (citation)- mentions p 67, 82, 118, lists p 11. Reisinger E 1924 (citation)- discription p 34 as Duges. Sekera E 1924 (citation)- on genus Catenula, extensive literature review and discussion. Ruebush TK 1941 (citation)- in his key p 30. Marcus E 1945 (citation)- key to certain species of this genus, definition and discussion. Discusses species not represented in his material. Marcus E 1945 (citation)- many references to details in this genus. Hyman LH 1951 (citation)- vol 2, p 93, notes statocyst in the genus; p 137 notes this genus. Nuttycombe JW 1956 (citation)- gives detailed history of the gens, key to species in Eastern, USA, etc. says most common form here - uses Graff's (1913) criteria for the genus which he gives as "cephalic region delimited posteriorly by ciliated pre-orgal groove; anterior region of digestive tract differentiated as a simple pharynx; eye-spots absent; statocyst present in the anterior end of each zooid; protonephridial tube mesio-dorsally placed; paired ciliated pits absent." Notes Marcus 1945 considers the intestine occupying only middle of zooid important- also one of Marcus' species lacks a statocyst.
Notes from synonyms
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