Turbellarian taxonomic database

Symsagittifera roscoffensis Notes

Hooge MD, Haye P, Tyler S, Litvaitis MK, Kornfield I  2002 (citation)- Phylogenetic relationships using 18S
rDNA, and morphological characters of sperm and body-wall musculature.
Littlewood DTJ, Olson PD, Telford MJ, Herniou EA, Riutort M 2001 (citation)- Reviews recent molecular systematics on Acoela, Nemertodermatida, Catenulida and Rhabditophora, EF1 analysis and its limitations, etc. 
Berney C, Pawlowski J, Zaninetti L 2000 (citation)- "Elongation factor 1-alpha sequences do not support an early
divergence of the Acoela".  Following species used: Convoluta roscoffensis, Crenobia alpina, Girardia
tigrina, Leptoplana tremellaris, Prostheceraeus vittatus, Schmidtea polychroa.
Kostenko AG, Mamkaev YuV 1990 (citation)- p 21, "Green convoluts possessing symbiotic algae and sagittocysts are isolated into a genus Simsagittifera [Symsagittifera] which is also characterized by a weakly pronounced ciliated antrum, ciliated vagina, and a thin sclerotized nozzle of bursa; the seminal vesicle does not have its own walls. Seven species are referred to the genus, they are: S. schultzei (O. Schmidt, 1852), S. roscoffensis (Graff, 1891), S. japonica (Kato, 1951), S. macnaei (Du Bois Reymond Marcus, 1957), S. psammophila (Beklemischev, 1957), S. bifoveolata (Mamkaev, 1971), S. nitidae (Yamasu, 1982). A detailed revision of S. psammophila is given. The comparative description of its reproductive apparatus contains new data on S. bifoveolata and S. schultzei." 
Ruiz-Trillo I, Paps J, Loukota M, Ribera C, Jondelius U, Baguna J, Riutort M  2002 (citation)- 
     Phylogenetic analysis; rDNA analysis; Bilateria taxonomic framework.
Salo E, Tauler J, Jimenez E, Bayascas JR, Gonzalez-Linares J, Garcia-Fernandez J, Baguna J  2001 (citation)-
"Hox and ParaHox genes in flatworms: Characterization and expression."
Douglas AE 1992 (citation)- "Algal symbioses in acoel Turbellaria: factors determining the identity of the algal
symbionts."  Species of turbellaria include: Convoluta convoluta, Symsagittifera roscoffensis, Amphiscolops
sp.
Le Mao P, Godet L, Fournier J, Desroy N, Gentil F, et al (citation), p 11, "Symsagittifera roscoffensis (Graff, 1891) Acoela, Sagittiferidae. Cette espèce grégaire, strictement intertidale, tient son nom de son lieu de découverte à proximité de la Station biologique de Roscoff en 1891. Elle vit sur les estrans sableux, à l’abri du ressac et ne se rencontre que sur une aire de répartition limitée allant des îles Anglo- Normandes à la péninsule Ibérique. Il existe également une station isolée au Pays de Galles (Mettam, 1979 ; Selosse, 2000). Il s’agit d’un ver plat de petite taille (généralement 1 à 4 mm) vivant en symbiose avec l’algue unicellulaire Tetraselmis convolutæ qui lui donne une couleur verte. Il bénéficie des produits de la photosynthèse de l’algue (acides aminés, sucres) qui se trouve, quant à elle, à l’abri des prédateurs. Il ne possède pas de cavité digestive ni de système circulatoire et excréteur (Bailly, 2009). Les fortes densités qu’il atteint parfois dans l’horizon de résurgence des estrans sableux y forment de superbes velours vert bouteille visibles de loin et qui sont connus de tous les naturalistes habitués à fréquenter les grèves bretonnes. À marée basse, ce ver remonte à la surface dans une fine pellicule d’eau, puis s’enfouit dans le sédiment environ deux heures avant la marée haute, ou pour peu que l’on tapote légèrement la surface du sédiment. Dans le Golfe, où l’espèce est en limite de répartition continue, elle est connue des plages normandes et bretonnes, ainsi qu’à Chausey et dans les îles Anglo-Normandes où elle semble en extension. Elle est également présente en situation d’isolat dans les archipels des Minquiers et des Ecréhous, bien que les capacités de dispersion de cette espèce soient limitées, car les œufs d’où sont directement issus de jeunes individus benthiques sont pondus entre les grains de sable (Douglas, 1983)."

Notes from synonyms

Notes for Convoluta roscoffensis

Graff L v 1891 (citation)- compares with schultzei and concludes they are not same, also
	longitudinal section on "chlorophylgellen" in

Wagner F v 1891 (citation)- in his review of Graff 1891 lists as new species [??], p 655,
	green color 656, 657, 664, on chlorophyl in 664-666.
	
Haberlandt 1891 (citation)- on chlorophyl cells in.
Bohmig L 1895 (citation)- mentions p 7, 11, 15, 20, 21, 41(=schultzei[?]) and lists p 44.
Graff L v 1904 (citation)- discussion of.
Gamble FW, Keeble F 1904 (citation)- bionomica of this species, on relation of green cells to
	host [good].

Bohmig L 1906 (citation)- mentions p 435.
Salensky W 1907 (citation)- mentions p 836.
Bohmig L 1908 (citation)- mentions p 6,8.
Lohner L, Micoletzky H 1911 (citation)- Zoochlorellae but no rhabdites in p 388.
	also parenchyma p 390, frontal gland  p 366-68, brain 392.

Keeble F 1910 (citation)- Dowsdell p 76,  Green algae like
	Chlamydomonas =  Carteris sp?- is free living also encrusts eggs of Convoluta and is 
	later if young larva multiply inside of larvae and young animal uninfected worms
	in sterile water die.  Convoluta as larva and young feeds holozoitically.
	Convoluta when old digests  - envetually uses all of them and then dies of starvation.

Bresslau E 1912 (citation)- nervous system diagram- illustration fig 18, p 963.
Wilhelmi J 1913 (citation)- diagram of nervous system p 67, also p 24, 36, 50, 103, 113.
Beauchamp P de 1927 (citation)- mentions he did not find at Archachon.
Beauchamp P de 1927 (citation)- mentions he did not find at Archachon.
Handstroem B 1928 (citation)- p 91 illustration, nervous system of.
Bresslau E 1933 (citation)- p 76, fig 55- nervous system, 6 long strands and irregular
	connections.  length about 1 mm- green with zoochlorellae.  French and English
	channel coasts in sand often coloring it green.  
		p 153 fig 142- egg capsule.
		p 161 fig 153 - details of embryonic developed cell lineage
		p 162 fig 154 - details of embryonic developed cell lineage
		p 163 fig 155 - details of embryonic developed cell lineage
		p 184 fig 181 - experiment on tropic behavior
		p 191 fig 187 - experiment on phototrophic behavior.
		
Korschelt E, Heider K 1936 (citation)- 1895 work.   Illustration of embryo of p 232 after
	Bresslau and Surface.

Welsh M 1936 (citation)- mentions symbionts in.
Costello HM, Costello DP 1939 (citation)- notes this species as well as their Polychoerus carmelensis
	lays eggs by rupture of body wall.

Westblad E 1948 (citation)- gland cells in p 12.  p 25 longitudinal nerves in. 
Marcus E 1945 (citation)-refers to positive phototaxis in p 27.
Kato K 1951 (citation)- mentions.
Hyman LH 1951 (citation) -vol 2, p 175 notes study of embryology of this species- general
	discussion of acoel embryology.  p 193- much work done on chlorellae in this species-
	are chlamydomonads that occur abundantly in this habitat and on the eggs of this species.
	p 215- on tidal rhythm of- comes to surface at low tide.
		
Marcus EDB-R 1955 (citation)- mentions p 24.
Marcus EDB-R 1957 (citation)- in comparison p 169 and 170.
Hadzi J 1963 (citation)- p 212- comment on embryology of.
Oschman JL, Gray P 1965 (citation)- electron microscopy study of- algae- no eye spot or flagella
	but basal body in some- suggests that the algae are phagocytized by deeper cells.
				  
Dorey A 1965 (citation)- Electron microscopy study of epidermis and its replacement.  nuclei ensunk.
Steinbock O 1966 (citation)- mentions p 60, 100, 132.
Steinbock O 1967 (citation)- mentions p 405, 406.
Oschman JL 1967 (citation)- microtubules in subepidermal of gland cells that protrude on the 
	surface- are these cells to secrete adhesive material.
	
Boaden PJS 1968 (citation)- on rhythmic behavior with the tide.
Provasoli L, Yamasu T, Manton I 1968 (citation)- experiments on resynthesis by feeding different
	flagellate cultures.
	
Antonius A 1968 (citation)- lists this species and p 371 says a dermal type penis with cilia.
Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- says species incertae sedis.
Kato 1968 (citation)- development of simple eggs in, illustration p 139 after Bresslau 1909.
Provasoli L, Yamasu T, Manton I 1968 (citation)- on symbionts of.
Apelt G 1969 (citation)- notes symbiosis here is further developed than in Convoluta convoluta.
Apelt G 1969 (citation)- p 268- on egg laying in.
Beklemischev VN 1969 (citation)- Volume 2, notes symbiotic algae in - laso its habit of 
	squeezing between soil particles - 266.  Also illustrations of mature, embryo, and 
	longitudinal neerves in.

Tyler S 1973 (citation)- notes adhesive glands used for adhension p 149.
Hendelberg J 1974 (citation)- ciliary rootlets in comparison with work on Childea graenlandica.
Henley C 1974 (citation)- p 272 notes work on reproduction by Wager HA 1913 (citation) was later shown to be 
	Convoluta macnei see Marcus 1957 (citation).  p 335 notes Dorey AE 1965 (citation) on 
	regeneration in.
	
Riser NW 1974 (citation)- p 520 reports work by Parke M, Manton I 1967 (citation) symbionts.
Kinne O 1977 (citation)- on raising in culture by Dorey AE 1965 (citation).
Hanson ED 1977 (citation)- in phylogeny- see p 500, 496, 511, fig 3-10, 13-3a, b etc.
Marcus EDB-R 1977 (citation)-  in phylogeny- see p 500, 496, 511, figures 3-10, 13-3, etc.
Ehlers U 1980 (citation)- p 164 occurs at Roscoff.
Gooday 1980 (citation)- effects of oil spill on - after 4 months- colonies small but...
Lauckner 1980 (citation)- reports virus in nucleus on this species by Oschman JL 1969 (citation).
McFarlane AE 1982 (citation)- on symbionts of.
Yamasu T 1982 (citation)- compares his species- both are sand dwellers.
Chandler AE 1983 (citation)- on recognition of species of algae this acoel- ingested species
	that persisted and divided- others discriminated against those.  Platymonas convolutae and
	related forms.  Also structural electron microscopy studies.
	
Douglas AE 1983 (citation)- symbiosis, and on chemistry of relationship.
Douglas AE 1983 (citation)- studies on egg production.
Douglas AE 1983 (citation)- symbiosis, and on chemistry of relationship.
Douglas AE 1984 (citation)- sediment and size of acoels.
Douglas AE 1985 (citation)- on growth and reprodcution with different symbionts.
Smith DC, Douglas AE 1987 (citation)- symbiont studies.

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