Definition: Luther A 1912 (citation) Geographic distribution: Finnish coast (Luther 1960), Sweden, Norway, England. Luther A 1912 (citation)- describes new genus and speices. description and illustration p 53-41 as Palmenia tvaerminnensis, Finland. Steinmann P, Bresslau E 1913 (citation)- illustration of sense cells in Palmenia p 262. Beklemischev VN 1914 (citation)- compares his Achoerus with this. Forsius R 1925 (citation)- changes Palmenia tvaerminnensis to Palmeniola tvaerminnensis. Beklemischev VN 1929 (citation)- glandular spicules, nature of Bresslau E 1933 (citation)- p 61, figure 33, detail of epithelium, etc.- from 18-20 meters of water (brackish 0.5 %), also p 117, figure 111 for reproductive organs. Meixner J 1938 (citation)- figure 1D (ventral view)- no description but caption a partial description. "(ventral view) with bright yellow-brown, club shaped pigment plugs, occuring as rod shaped bodies arrayed in close longitudinal rows and intercellularly in the parenchyma thru the epithelium to ? in the ciliary zone. Anterior to the genital pore usually 6 (3-7) bursa lying side by side across the animal of a similar structure to those in Convoluta convoluta. Passage of sperm thru parenchymal spaces." [Bush- does this caption constitute a description? ok] [Bush- note also frontal gland testes and ovary down each side and genital pore at posterior end in illustration]. Anaperus balticus figure 1D, with partial descirpiton- Palmenia (Palmeniola) balticus as synonym, mentions p 79, 117, 134, and figures 1D and 75A. p 75, figure 75 detail of sense organs in epithelium. Westblad E 1940 (citation)- notes basal bodies on cilia, p 9. Westblad E 1942 (citation)- notes on muscle layer in p 16. Westblad E 1945 (citation)- p 37-42, 53-4 figures 19, 20 with synonym as in Meixner 1938, Anaperus balticus species may equal Anaperus tvaerminnensis since number of nozzles is ok for that species- rest of description incomplete in Meixner. Compares with his species rubellus. Westblad E 1948 (citation)- mentions. comments on structure under general discussion; p 11 rhabdites lemon yellow; p 16 small serous glands in; on muscles; p 22-24 on brain of and nerves; p 24 diagram of nervous systems. Marcus E 1949 (citation)- mentions p 13 pigmented rods. Marcus E 1950 (citation)- p 14. Compares his Paraphanostoma westbladi and notes ? in A. tvaerminnensis. Marcus E 1952 (citation)- mentions in description of C. thauma p 16. Westblad E 1954 (citation)- mentions. Lists this from Norway at 2 places- mud bottom about 1.5-2 meters; occurrence as Scandinavian West Coast and Baltic to the Gulf of Finalnd and England. Luther A 1960 (citation)- p 14 brief description and illustration 1c-e, distribution. gives this as species of Anaperus. Ax P 1961 (citation)- notes polygonal epithelial cells of. Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- p 298 illustration figures 96 and 97 lists as synonym of Anaperus tvaerminnensis p 108. Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- on ecology of in Germany p 99, 87, 94. Apelt G 1969 (citation)- p 363 and 313 on early development of. Beklemischev VN 1969 (citation)- Vol II, p 150, illustration of sensory cells in. Faubel A 1974 (citation)- reports from Sylt, illustration of entire animal. Karling TG 1974 (citation)- in list p 9, in key p 12, illustration p 13; ecology of p 24, 64, 65, 77, and description p 30. Dorjes J, Karling TG 1975 (citation)- Swedish Museum of Natural History, #3249-58. Faubel A 1977 (citation)- habitat. lists p 61 in beach slope p 65, sand flats p 65, 66 mud-sand and mud, p 67 and table 1. Watzin MC 1984 (citation)- p 324, lists number of eggs and development from Apelt 1969.
Hooge MD, Haye P, Tyler S, Litvaitis MK, Kornfield I 2002 (citation)- Phylogenetic relationships using 18S rDNA, and morphological characters of sperm and body-wall musculature.
Ratz H, Faubel A, Roeder T 1988 (citation)- p 173, "...Acoela were studies by electrophoresis and
histochemistry." Species included in the study were:
Aphanostoma album
Convoluta convoluta
Pseudaphanostoma psammophilum
Atriofronta polyvacuola
Haplogonaria syltensis
Haplogonaria simplex
Anaperus tvaerminnensis
Postmecynostomum pictum
Mecynostomum auritum
Paedomecynostomum bruneum
Philomecynostomum lapillum
Pseudmecynostomum papillosum
Notes from synonyms
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