Westblad E 1948 (citation)- p 52 sets up this family as having "a ventral mouth without a pharynx combined with Proporidae characteristic reproductive system." p 55-56, key as follows: Tribe Opisthandropora- Abursalia Family Haploposthidae- "Mouth ventrl. Pharynx open. Male and female gonads with respect to position and appearance variable but never combined into a compact gondad unit. A1- Male antrum +- long and tube shaped. B1- Reproductive glands [gonads] often mixed but the female +- lying dorsally----------------------------------genus Haploposthia B2- male and female gondads separate, both the male and the female paired; the female gonad lying ventrally--------------------------genus Paranaperus A2- Male antrum short B1- A short penis; small and +- round in cross section C1- Frontal glands small (not "a frontal organ"); ovary unpaired; copulatory organ with weak cutecularized needles------genus Paraproporus C2- Frontal glands lacking. Ovaries paired. Copulatory organs without cuticular needles-------------------------------------genus Afronta (Hyman) B2- Double, stylet formed penis. Fairly large, flat shape----genus Childia Marcus E 1950 (citation)- points out family is characterized by absense of a pharynx. genera belonging to it are characterized as follows: Haploposthia- colored rhabdite gland Paranaperus- a penis and spacious atrium Paraproporus- by penis rods Childia- double copulatory organs Afronta- 1 species only with orange spots Kuma- large frontal glands, short atrium and no penis cuticularized atrium. Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- p 94-95. Definition- "Acoels with very simple copulatory organs. These consist of a tube-shaped male antrum and a keg-like seminal vesicle. Both the antrum as well as the vesicle can be mutually or entirely lacking. As penis is not formed [Haploposthia albiventer Marcus and H. rubra (An der Lan) with an extremely small penis papilla]. Male reproductive opening terminal, subterminal or ventral. Mouth opening ventral." Type of family: genus Haploposthia An der Lan 1936- 11 genera with 32 species. 1. Haploposthia 7. Parahaplogonaria 2. Afronta 8. Parahaploposthia 3. Kuma 9. Pseudohaplogonaria 4. Adenocauda 10. Pseudokuma 5. Deuterogonaria 11. Simplicomorpha 6. Haplogonaria Discussion of family on p 95, p 95-96 key to genera. Faubel A 1976 (citation)- lists. Ehlers U, Doerjes J 1979 (citation)- discussion p 29, 48, and 70. Faubel A 1983 (citation)- p 26, notes ciliated male tract here.
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