Kozloff EN 1965 (citation)- describes and illustrates new genus Raphidophallus. Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- lists Raphidophallus actuosa under genus Convoluta. Antonius A 1968 (citation)- says Raphidophallus = Conaperta. Kozloff EN (2000) (citation)- reinstates the genus.
Notes for the valid (accepted) taxonomic name
Notes for Isodiametridae Aphanostoma
Oersted AS 1845 (citation)- "Convolutidae with ovaries and a bursa seminalis without a chitinous nozzle. Body cylindrical or plano-convex. With a frontal organ and clearly marked off opening to the frontal glands. The mouth lies on the ventral side, the genital openings in the posterior fifth of the body. The two species given here lack eyes. Dainty thin forms from 1-1.5 mm long. Littoral." Teirreich - Graff 1905 2 species. Jensen OS 1878 (citation)- definition in Latin- description p 22-23. Graff L v 1882 (citation)- lists and describes following species: A. diversicolor A. elegans A. rhomboides A. latissimum A. virescens Verrill AE 1893 (citation)- p 508 "body more or less flattened, oblong, ovate or elliptical; usually narrowed posteriorly. Mouth circular, before or near the middle a rudimentary phyarynx. Otocyst single near the anterior end. Otolith usually well developed. No orelli. Frontal glandular organ present. Genital apertures posterior; the male behind the female. Spermarien follicles numerous, lateral. Openings of the bursa seminalis without chitinous parts. Ovaries paired, lateral." Gamble FW 1893 (citation)- lists this. Bohmig L 1895 (citation)- lists p 39, also p 35. Graff L v 1904 (citation)- definition of genus p 26. A. diversicolor- brief note, and A. rhomboides- illustration and long description. Luther A 1912 (citation)- p 53- diagnosis- "Convolutidae with a female genital opening lying anterior to the male antrum, into which opening the bursa seminalis opens. A cuticular bursal nozzle is lacking or consists of a very thin, not laminated (lamelloseu) tube. 'Body elongated or planoconvex'". Compares this genus and others to his new genus Palmenia. Wilhelmi J 1913 (citation)- lists p 12. Steinmann P, Bresslau E 1913 (citation)- illustration of ovaries in p 240. Westblad E 1946 (citation)- discusses this genus and its species at length. Believes it is difficult to divide from Convoluta since presence of chitinous nozzle to bursa is not always easy to see on Convoluta- however, he retains the division and makes some changes in species and 2 new genera- (notes that Paraphanostoma could also then be divided into 2 on basis of chitinous nozzle- not a good character?0 ect. Notes- A. rhomboides, A. pulchella and A. diversicolor are littoral species. A. pallidum, and A. sanguineum are parasitic in Holothurians. Discusses characters of genus p 6,7, 18 and describes new species and general characteristics. p 10- discusses epithelium and musculature, parenchyma and nerves, and reproductive organs for the 7 species he includes here: A. rhomboides A. macrospiriferum A. macrobursalium A. tenuissima A. minimum A. lutheri A. auritum P 30- defines group on basis of nozzle in A. diversicolor (bursa nozzle is muscular not chitinized) but notes this species is his new genera Paraconvoluta which he later in 1948- calls Aphanostoma and moves above to Mecynostomum. Westblad E 1948 (citation)- notes that in English summary p 74 and p 2 note, says these species should be Mecynostomum. Key to seven species given here. p 11- blue violet color in, p 57 key. Marcus E 1948 (citation)- Discusses this genus at length under Mecynoostomum. Quotes Westblad 1946 (citation), p 2,7, 29 that Paraconvoluta = Aphanostoma and Aphanostoma includes two species, A. diversicolor and A. virescens. Hyman LH 1951 (citation) -vol 2, p 182- notes slight regeneration in (Peebles 1913 (citation)). Marcus E 1950 (citation)- Concludes only 2 species belonging to Aphanostoma, A. diversicolor and A. virescens. Also describes new species Aphanostoma orphinum. Remane A 1963 (citation)- p 28 refers to work on ontogeny of (Reisinger 1959 (citation)). Steinbock O 1966 (citation)- mentions p 132, 138. Dorjes J 1968 (citation)- leaves here only Aphanostoma virescens, A. elegans, A. rhomboides, and A. album. Gives definition p 85. Henley C 1974 (citation)- p 321 on Dorey's 1965 (citation) on culturing and periods of darkness.
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